Although they rarely fight, these mammals may occasionally engage seriously in confrontations, which include displays such as slight horn butting and false charges. White rhinos generally tolerate other species. Territorial behavior is displayed by marking such as spreading dung, spraying urine, dragging their feet as well as damaging plants with their horns. However, females and juveniles may freely roam through their home ranges. Dominant males of this species lead solitary lives, fiercely defending their territories against intruding males. White rhinos are sedentary creatures that rarely venture from their home range. Their territories vary greatly, depending on the type of habitat as well as the availability of resources. Each group occupies a territory of at least 75-8 sq. White rhinos are probably the most sociable rhinoceroses, forming groups of up to 14 individuals, although group size is usually smaller. These are made of solid keratin, in which they differ from the horns of bovids (cattle and their relatives), which are keratin with a bony core, and deer antlers, which are solid bone. On its snout it has two horn-like growths, one behind the other. The largest size the species can attain is not definitively known specimens of up to 3,600 kg (7,940 lb) are considered reliable, while larger sizes up to 4,500 kg (9,920 lb) have been claimed but are not verified. The male, averaging about 2,300 kg (5,070 lb) is heavier than the female, at an average of about 1,700 kg (3,750 lb). The head and body length is 3.7 to 4 m (12.1 to 13.1 ft) in males and 3.4 to 3.65 m (11.2 to 12.0 ft) in females, with the tail adding another 70 cm (28 in) and the shoulder height is 170 to 186 cm (5.58 to 6.10 ft) in the male and 160 to 177 cm (5.25 to 5.81 ft) in the female. It has a massive body and large head, a short neck and broad chest. It weighs slightly more on average than a hippopotamus despite a considerable mass overlap between these two species. By mean body mass, the white rhinoceros falls behind only the three extant species of elephant as the largest land animal and terrestrial mammal alive today. The white rhinoceros is the largest of the five living species of rhinoceros.
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